C語(yǔ)言 標(biāo)準(zhǔn)庫(kù) – <limits.h>

簡(jiǎn)介

limits.h 頭文件決定了各種變量類(lèi)型的各種屬性。定義在該頭文件中的宏限制了各種變量類(lèi)型（比如 char、int 和 long）的值。

這些限制指定了變量不能存儲(chǔ)任何超出這些限制的值，例如一個(gè)無(wú)符號(hào)可以存儲(chǔ)的最大值是 255。

庫(kù)宏

下面的值是特定實(shí)現(xiàn)的，且是通過(guò) #define 指令來(lái)定義的，這些值都不得低于下邊所給出的值。

實(shí)例

下面的實(shí)例演示了 limit.h 文件中定義的一些常量的使用。

#include <stdio.h>
#include <limits.h>

int main()
{

   printf("The number of bits in a byte %d\n", CHAR_BIT);

   printf("The minimum value of SIGNED CHAR = %d\n", SCHAR_MIN);
   printf("The maximum value of SIGNED CHAR = %d\n", SCHAR_MAX);
   printf("The maximum value of UNSIGNED CHAR = %d\n", UCHAR_MAX);

   printf("The minimum value of SHORT INT = %d\n", SHRT_MIN);
   printf("The maximum value of SHORT INT = %d\n", SHRT_MAX); 

   printf("The minimum value of INT = %d\n", INT_MIN);
   printf("The maximum value of INT = %d\n", INT_MAX);

   printf("The minimum value of CHAR = %d\n", CHAR_MIN);
   printf("The maximum value of CHAR = %d\n", CHAR_MAX);

   printf("The minimum value of LONG = %ld\n", LONG_MIN);
   printf("The maximum value of LONG = %ld\n", LONG_MAX);
  
   return(0);
}

讓我們編譯和運(yùn)行上面的程序，這將產(chǎn)生下列結(jié)果：

The number of bits in a byte 8
The minimum value of SIGNED CHAR = -128
The maximum value of SIGNED CHAR = 127
The maximum value of UNSIGNED CHAR = 255
The minimum value of SHORT INT = -32768
The maximum value of SHORT INT = 32767
The minimum value of INT = -32768
The maximum value of INT = 32767
The minimum value of CHAR = -128
The maximum value of CHAR = 127
The minimum value of LONG = -2147483648
The maximum value of LONG = 2147483647